Anel Beisembayeva

Karaganda Medical University, Kazakhstan

Abstract Title:

Association of Chorioamnionitis with the Development of Neonatal Sepsis and Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Biography:

Anel Beisembayeva is a resident of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Karaganda Medical University and a clinical researcher focused on infectious and inflammatory complications of pregnancy and their impact on neonatal outcomes. Her work investigates chorioamnionitis and its association with the development of neonatal sepsis and respiratory distress syndrome. She collaborates with regional perinatal centers to translate research findings into practical antenatal care strategies aimed at improving maternal and neonatal health.

Research Interests:

Background: Chorioamnionitis (CA) is an inflammatory infection of the fetal membranes, often associated with premature rupture of membranes and preterm birth. It plays a key role in adverse neonatal outcomes, including neonatal sepsis and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Despite advances in perinatal care, the incidence of intrauterine infections remains a significant challenge, particularly in developing regions.

Objective: To determine the relationship between chorioamnionitis and the development of neonatal sepsis and respiratory distress syndrome in newborns.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective analytical study was conducted on 30 pregnant women who delivered in 2023–2025 at the Karaganda Perinatal Center. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 15) with histologically confirmed chorioamnionitis and Group II (n = 15) without signs of infection. Clinical, laboratory, and neonatal data were analyzed. Statistical processing included descriptive methods and the chi-square test for categorical variables (p < 0.05 was considered significant).

Results: The average maternal age was 28.4 ± 4.1 years. In Group I, premature rupture of membranes occurred in 60% of cases, compared with 26.7% in Group II. Preterm delivery (<37 weeks) occurred in 46.7% of patients with chorioamnionitis versus 13.3% in the control group. Neonatal sepsis developed in 33.3% of newborns in Group I, significantly higher than 6.7% in Group II (p < 0.05). Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was diagnosed in 40% of newborns from Group I, compared to 13.3% in Group II. Chorioamnionitis was significantly associated with a higher frequency of neonatal sepsis and respiratory distress syndrome. The findings are consistent with published data suggesting that intrauterine infection contributes to systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary immaturity in the fetus [1], [2].

Conclusions: The prevalence of chorioamnionitis among the studied cohort was 50%. Chorioamnionitis is significantly associated with increased risks of neonatal sepsis and respiratory distress syndrome. Early diagnosis and management of intrauterine infection are crucial for improving neonatal outcomes.

Keywords: Chorioamnionitis; Neonatal Sepsis; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Intrauterine Infection; Pregnancy Outcomes